transfoloiunifenexpo.py

Created by raph-couvert

Created on April 04, 2025

831 Bytes


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Exercice  Transformation d'une loi uniforme en exponentielle

Soit X ~ U([0 ; 1]) et Y = -ln(X)/λ, avec λ > 0.

On veut déterminer la densité de Y **sans passer par la fonction de répartition**.

Méthode : changement de variable

On pose :  
 Y = -ln(X)/λ  
⇔ X = e^(-λY)

Calcul de la dérivée :  
 dx/dy = d/dy [e^(-λY)] = -λ * e^(-λY)

La densité de X est :  
 f_X(x) = 1 sur [0 ; 1]  
⇒ f_X(e^(-λY)) = 1 si e^(-λY) ∈ [0 ; 1] ⇔ Y ∈ [0 ; +∞)

Donc la densité de Y est donnée par :  
 f_Y(y) = f_X(x(y)) * |dx/dy|  
    = 1 * λ * e^(-λY)  
    = λ * exp(-λY)  si y ≥ 0  
    = 0         si y < 0

Conclusion :  
 Y suit une loi exponentielle de paramètre λ.

f_Y(y) =  
{  
 λ * exp(-λy)  si y ≥ 0  
 0         si y < 0  
}

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