dseco.py

Created by raph-couvert

Created on April 01, 2026

5.85 KB


Q1: Mission de la BCE
REP: B + C
B - fixe les taux directeurs auxquels
elle prete aux banques de la zone euro
C - garantit la surveillance des
institutions et marches financiers
A faux - BCE ne prete pas aux USA
D faux - BCE ne prete pas aux entreprises

Q2: Taux ESTR
REP: C
C - moyenne ponderee des prets
overnight EUR collateralises
A faux - ESTR < EONIA (pas au-dessus)
B faux - ESTR < EURIBOR3M
D faux - ESTR discount les flux
collateralises (pas non-collat)

Q3: Taux directeur
REP: B
B - taux directeur = taux de la BCE
A faux - taux interbancaire = EURIBOR/ESTR
C faux - taux d usure = taux max legal
D faux - taux lineaire annualise = convention

Q4: EURIBOR
REP: B + D
B - taux interbancaire de reference
D - 15 maturites d indice EURIBOR
A faux - taux de reference, pas obligataire
C faux - defini par un panel de banques

Q5: Taux OAT
REP: A + D
A - taux d emprunt obligataire de l Etat
D - taux d emprunt a long terme de France
B faux - OAT = France, pas USA
C faux - OAT = long terme, pas court terme

Q6: Swap standard (IRS vanilla)
REP: A
A - echange fixe vs variable
dans la MEME devise
B faux - deux devises = cross-currency swap
C faux - pas de remboursement nominal
D faux - actualisé avec courbe ZC

Q7: Prix d un bond standard
REP: A + C + E
A - somme C(Ti)/(1+YTn)^i + 100/(1+YTn)^n
    actualisation au YTM unique
C - C(T1)/(1+R(0T1)) + C(T2)/(1+R(0T2))^2
    + ... actualisation par taux ZC actuariels
E - C(T1)xP(0T1) + ... + [C(Tn)+100]xP(0Tn)
    equivalent a C avec prix ZC
B faux - YTm different par maturite = incorrect
D faux - denominateurs non coerents (expo n)

Q8: Cross-currency swap EUR/USD
REP: B + C
B - echange variable vs variable
dans deux devises differentes (basis swap)
C - echange de nominal en debut ET fin
A faux - fixe vs variable = IRS, pas standard
D faux - on paie le taux, pas sa valeur absolue

Q9: Modified Following
29 mai 2024 + 1 mois = 29 juin 2024
or 29 juin = SAMEDI (non ouvre)
Following => 30 juin (dimanche, non ouvre)
=> 1er juillet = mois DIFFERENT
Modified Following => reculer au
dernier jour ouvre du meme mois
REP: vendredi 28 juin 2024

Q10: Taux de change broker
N = 1 000 000 GBP
taux GBP ECE UK : 5%/an
taux EUR ECE GLOBAL : 3%/an
spot : 1 GBP = 1.20 EUR
broker : 1 GBP = 1.25 EUR dans 1 an

1. Broker interessant ? OUI
Sans broker (spot + placement EUR) :
1 000 000 x 1.20 = 1 200 000 EUR
1 200 000 x 1.03 = 1 236 000 EUR
Via broker (placement GBP) :
1 000 000 x 1.05 = 1 050 000 GBP
1 050 000 x 1.25 = 1 312 500 EUR
1 312 500 > 1 236 000 => OUI

2. Gain via broker pour ECE GLOBAL :
1 312 500 - 1 236 000 = +76 500 EUR

Q11: Optimisation swap / avantage comparatif
ECE Fin LTD : variable E+5%, fixe 9%
ECE Quant SA : variable E+4%, fixe 5%
ECE Fin veut du fixe / ECE Quant du variable

Gain total = (9%-5%) - (E+5%-(E+4%))
           = 4% - 1% = 3%
Repartition : Quant = 2x Fin
x + 2x = 3% => Fin gagne 1%, Quant 2%

Taux optimaux :
ECE Fin  : 9% - 1% = 8% fixe
ECE Quant: E+4% - 2% = E+2% variable

Mecanique :
ECE Fin emprunte a E+5% (variable)
ECE Quant emprunte a 5% (fixe)
Swap : Fin paie 8% fixe a Quant
       Quant paie E+5% a Fin

TABLEAU :
                ECE Fin LTD     ECE Quant SA
Pret sans optim -10Mx3x9%       -10Mx3x(E+4%)
Pret initial    -10Mx3x(E+5%)   -10Mx3x5%
Swap Quant->Fin +10Mx3x(E+5%)   -10Mx3x(E+5%)
Swap Fin->Quant -10Mx3x8%       +10Mx3x8%
Pret avec optim -10Mx3x8%       -10Mx3x(E+2%)
Gain (1)-(0)    +10Mx3x1%       +10Mx3x2%

Q12: YTM obligation
Maturite 2 ans, coupon 4% annuel, prix 99

99 = 4/(1+y) + 104/(1+y)^2
Poser u = 1/(1+y) :
104u^2 + 4u - 99 = 0
delta = 16 + 4x104x99 = 41200
u = (4 + sqrt(41200))/(2x104)
  = (4 + 202.98)/208 = 0.9567
1+y = 1/0.9567 = 1.0453
YTM = 4.53%

Q13: Bootstrap ZC continus
P(0 T) = exp(-ZC(0 T)xT)

Bond1 (2ans 2% prix 96.1)
Bond2 (2ans 3% prix 98)
Bond3 (3ans 4% prix 99)

Systeme B1 et B2 :
2xP(0 1) + 102xP(0 2) = 96.1  ...(1)
3xP(0 1) + 103xP(0 2) = 98    ...(2)
(2)-(1) : P(0 1) + P(0 2) = 1.9
=> 100xP(0 2) = 96.1 - 2x1.9 = 92.3
P(0 2) = 0.9230
P(0 1) = 1.9 - 0.9230 = 0.9770

Bond3 :
4xP(0 1) + 4xP(0 2) + 104xP(0 3) = 99
4x0.9770 + 4x0.9230 + 104xP(0 3) = 99
3.908 + 3.692 + 104xP(0 3) = 99
P(0 3) = 91.40/104 = 0.8788

Taux ZC continus :
ZC(0 1) = -ln(0.9770)/1   = 2.33%
ZC(0 2) = -ln(0.9230)/2   = 4.00%
ZC(0 3) = -ln(0.8788)/3   = 4.31%

TABLEAU FINAL Q13 :
T=1  P=0.9770  ZC=2.33%
T=2  P=0.9230  ZC=4.00%
T=3  P=0.8788  ZC=4.31%

Q14: FRA et taux de swap
Courbe EURIBOR6M ZC continu :
T    0.5    1      1.5    2      2.5    3
ZC  2.50%  2.70%  3.00%  3.10%  3.20%  3.50%

1. FRA(9Mx15M) par interpolation lineaire
ZC(0 0.75) = 2.50% + 0.5x(2.70%-2.50%)
           = 2.60%
ZC(0 1.25) = 2.70% + 0.5x(3.00%-2.70%)
           = 2.85%
FRA = (2.85%x1.25 - 2.60%x0.75) / 0.5
    = (3.5625% - 1.95%) / 0.5
    = 3.225%

2. Swap 3 ans mono-courbe (freq 6M)
Facteurs ZC EURIBOR :
P(0 0.5) = exp(-0.025x0.5) = 0.98758
P(0 1.0) = exp(-0.027x1.0) = 0.97336
P(0 1.5) = exp(-0.030x1.5) = 0.95600
P(0 2.0) = exp(-0.031x2.0) = 0.94040
P(0 2.5) = exp(-0.032x2.5) = 0.92312
P(0 3.0) = exp(-0.035x3.0) = 0.90050
somme = 5.68096
S = (1-0.90050) / (0.5x5.68096)
  = 0.09950 / 2.84048
  = 3.504%

3. Swap 2 ans multi-courbe
Discount = courbe ESTR
Projection = courbe EURIBOR6M
Facteurs ESTR :
D(0 0.5) = exp(-0.020x0.5) = 0.99005
D(0 1.0) = exp(-0.021x1.0) = 0.97921
D(0 1.5) = exp(-0.024x1.5) = 0.96437
D(0 2.0) = exp(-0.026x2.0) = 0.94965

Taux forwards EURIBOR6M projetes :
f1 = (P(0 0)/P(0 0.5)-1)/0.5
   = (1/0.98758-1)/0.5 = 2.516%
f2 = (P(0 0.5)/P(0 1)-1)/0.5
   = (0.98758/0.97336-1)/0.5 = 2.921%
f3 = (P(0 1)/P(0 1.5)-1)/0.5
   = (0.97336/0.95600-1)/0.5 = 3.627%
f4 = (P(0 1.5)/P(0 2)-1)/0.5
   = (0.95600/0.94040-1)/0.5 = 3.317%

PV_float = 0.5x(f1xD1+f2xD2+f3xD3+f4xD4)
= 0.5x(0.02516x0.99005 + 0.02921x0.97921
     + 0.03627x0.96437 + 0.03317x0.94965)
= 0.5x(0.02491+0.02860+0.03498+0.03150)
= 0.5x0.12000 = 0.06000
annuity = 0.5x(0.99005+0.97921+0.96437+0.94965)
        = 0.5x3.88328 = 1.94164
S_multi = 0.06000/1.94164 = 3.09%

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