xvii=inventionmicroscopt/Hooketleewenhoekxix:schwanetpst:3principe:toutlesetresvivantsontcomposésd'une ou plu cell
la cell est le plus petit uni struct du viv
tte cell provient d'uneautrecellatome=0,1nmmolécule1-10nmorganite10-10umcellules1um-100umorganes1mm-0,1morganismes1mm-10mLamembraneplasmiqueestprincipalementconstituéedelipidesetdeprotéines.Cesontlespropriétéschimiquesdeslipidesquiexpliquentl’organisationdesmembranes:ilsprésententunetêtehydrophileetunequeuehydrophobe (oulipophile).Enmilieuaqueux,lesrégionshydrophobesseregroupententreelles,cequientraînelaformationd’unebicouchelipidique.Lesrégionshydrophilesseregroupentducôtéducytoplasmeetdumilieuextracellulaire.Lamembraneestsouple.microscopeoptique=1595/preparationrapideechantillionvivantoumort/faisceaulumineux/visualisationdelastructureinterne/image2d/encouleur/resolution=0,36/coutfaible/de40a1500foismicroscoreelectroniqueatransmision=1931/preparationlongue=plusieurjours/echantillonmortoudéshydraté/faisceaud'éléctrons/ structure interne image 2d
en noir en blanc / jusqu'a5000000defois/de10a0,5nm/couteleevermicroscopeelectroniqueabalayage=1937/preparationlongue=plusieurjours/echantillonmortoud"shydraté/ faisceau d'electrons/ structure cellulaire /
image 3D/ noir et blanc / jusqu'a x 100 000
de 2nm a 0,2 nm / cout elever
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