swaps.py

Created by juliette-1

Created on June 23, 2025

1.73 KB


LES SWAPS
Advantages of a swap contract over a forward contract
Efficiency for multiple periods: A swap bundles several forward contracts into one agreement, making it easier and cheaper to manage than setting up separate forwards for each period.
Liquidity and standardisation (for common swaps): Interest rate swaps are widely used in OTC markets, providing more liquidity than custom forward contracts.
Flexibility: Swaps can be tailored to match specific cash flow needs over time, whereas forwards typically cover a single future date.

Mechanics and purpose of an interest rate swap
 Two parties agree to exchange interest payments on a notional amount (no 
 principal exchanged).
One pays a fixed rate; the other pays a floating rate 
Payments are netted at regular intervals 
Purpose: To manage or hedge interest rate risk.

Formule pour les swaps 
DF = Discount Factor = Cest un petit nombre quon utilise pour savoir combien 
vaut un euro du futur aujourdhui
DF = exp-rt

Fixed flux / Floating flux (ou fixed leg / floating leg)
Dans un swap, il y a deux personnes qui séchangent des paiements dintérêts.
  Le flux fixe (fixed flux) 
  Le flux flottant (floating flux) 
  La fixed leg : cest la personne qui paie à taux fixe.
  La floating leg : cest celle qui paie à taux variable.
Chacun a ses flux de paiements, et on veut savoir qui gagne ou qui perd.
Calculer la valeur présente des flux fixes et flottants
Valeur présente du flux = flux de chaque période ×DF de chaque période 

Valeur nette du swap (Net value of the swap)
Cest juste : qui gagne et de combien ?
On regarde :
  Combien vaut aujourdhui ce que tu vas recevoir
  Moins ce que tu vas devoir payer
Valeur nette=flux reçus actualisésflux payés actualisés 

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