sharpe ratio as a function of weights: up = w'u up-Rf/op --> w'u-Rf/sqrt(w'sigmaw) A mean-variance efficient portfolio maximizes a quadratic utility function. The two-fund separation theorem states that the mean-variance efficient portfolio for the risk aversion γ is given by w= (umrr/yo^2mrr)*wmrr+ (1-umrr/yo^2mrr)*wgmv wMRR is the maximum return-to-risk (MRR) portfolio, and wGMV is the global minimum variance portfolio. μMRR and σMRR 2 are the expected return and the variance of the MRR portfolio. Explain how a value factor can be calculated from individual stocks 1) Calcul du ratio book-to-market (B/M) 2) Stocks are first sorted on their book- to-market ratio 3 ) Formation des portefeuilles (long or short based on value or growth) 4)Les portefeuilles sont maintenus pour une période donnée Momentum effect : The momentum effect refers to the continuation of past returns: past winners tend to outperform past losers when they are held for a period of similar length as the ranking period. The ranking period must be from 3 to 12 months, the most frequent choice being 12 months for the ranking and the holding periods.